Oakland, California population is 440,838 as of July 1, 2025 (U.S. Census Bureau Vintage 2025 estimate), ranking #45 nationally and #8 in California. Cost of living runs 16% above the U.S. average (BEA RPP 2024); a family of four needs roughly $179,153/yr to break even (2025 modeled). This profile draws on 13 federal datasets covering population, housing, income, employment, climate, and risk.
At a glance.
2025 population
440,838
+665 in the last year
Top 1% of 19,483 U.S. cities
Census Vintage 2025
Cost of living
RPP 115.6
+16% vs US
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA metro · BEA 2024
Family-of-4 budget
$179,153/yr
+124% vs US
Modeled 2025 · federal sources
Median HH income
$101,600
+31% vs US
ACS 2020–2024 5-yr
Median home value
$929,900
+206% vs US
ACS 2020–2024 5-yr
2-BR fair-market rent
$2,912/mo
HUD FY2026 · 40th pct
Avg July high
74°F
NOAA 1991–2020
Gigabit broadband
93%
ISP-reported, FCC BDC
Explore Oakland, CA demographics, including age, race and ethnicity, households, origins, language, and education.
How many people live in Oakland?
440,838 people live in Oakland as of July 1, 2025 (U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025), the #45 largest U.S. city.
How big is Oakland?
Oakland covers 56.0 square miles of land and 22.1 square miles of water. Its population density is about 7,877 residents per square mile of land. Compare U.S. cities by land area →
Source detail: 2025 population
2025 population
Source agency
U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division
Dataset
Census PEP
Vintage / period
Vintage 2025 (Jul 1, 2025)
Native geography
Census PEP subcounty place records for the included city universe.
Transformation
Copied from POPESTIMATE2025, joined by Census GEOID, and used for ranks, filters, and city pages.
Known limit: Annual estimate, not a decennial count; each new PEP vintage can revise the prior series.
Population shrank 0.0% from the April 2020 base to mid-2025.
Vintage 2025 · annual estimates
Recent history (V2025 series, 2020 base → 2025).
2020 base: 440,842 → 2025: 440,838 (-0.0%)
Year
Population
Reference date
2020 base
440,842
April 1, 2020
2020
441,157
July 1, 2020
2021
437,373
July 1, 2021
2022
436,240
July 1, 2022
2023
438,301
July 1, 2023
2024
440,173
July 1, 2024
2025
440,838
July 1, 2025
Earlier history (2010–2019, prior Census vintage)
These figures come from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Vintage 2019 release — a separate, earlier methodology. They’re shown here as historical context only; the 2010 and 2019 values aren’t directly comparable to the 2020–2025 series above.
Population grew 10.6% from the July 2010 estimate to 2019 (V2019 — see seam note below).
Oakland is the #45 largest of 19,483 U.S. cities and #8 in California.
▸Show the analyst detail (9 rows)
Measure
Value
Note
2020 base
440,842
April 1, 2020 census base
5-yr change
-4
2020 base → 2025; within V2025
5-yr change %
-0.0%
within V2025 only
1-yr change
+665
2024 → 2025 estimate
1-yr change %
+0.2%
within V2025 only
Density
7,877
people per sq mi, land only
Land area
56
sq mi (2025 Gazetteer)
U.S. rank by population
#45
of 19,483 cities
State rank by population
#8
of 483 in California
What is the median household income in Oakland?
Median household income is 31% above the U.S. median ($101,600 vs $77,719); 13.4% live in poverty — 0.9 points above the 12.5% U.S. rate.
Median household income$101,600
US
Oakland: $101,600 — 31% above the US median of $77,719.
Scale: 10th–90th percentile of cities with ACS income data
Oakland
$101,600
United States
$77,719
Income and poverty estimates for Oakland from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year estimates (window 2020–2024). Every figure is shown with its 90% margin of error (MOE). Cells where the ± margin exceeds half the estimate are flagged "low precision." See methodology §12.
Measure
Estimate
± margin / note
Median household income
101,600+30.7% vs US
±2,146
Per capita income
61,757+42.7% vs US
±1,141
Population in poverty
13.4%
share of population for whom poverty status is determined
Median home value is 206% above the U.S. median ($929,900 vs $303,400); median rent is 47% above ($1,979 vs $1,348); price-to-income ratio is 9.2×, making it 2.3× as cost-burdened as the typical U.S. city (3.9×).
Median home value$929,900
US
Oakland: $929,900 — 206% above the US median of $303,400.
Scale: 10th–90th percentile of cities with ACS home-value data
HUD 2-BR fair-market rent$2,912/mo
US
Oakland: $2,912/mo — 170% above the US median of $1,077/mo.
Scale: 10th–90th percentile of cities with a HUD Fair Market Rent
Poverty (Census SAIPE 2024, model-based), unemployment (BLS LAUS 2024 annual averages), and remote-work share (ACS 2020–2024) for Oakland. Numbers are labeled at their native grain — place-grain when BLS publishes it, otherwise per-county. We do not compute population-weighted county averages. See methodology §13.
Measure
Value
Grain
Unemployment rate (annual avg)
4.7%
Oakland (BLS sub-state LAUS)
Civilian labor force
237,717
2024 annual avg
Worked from home
26.5%+89.3% vs US
share of workers 16+ commuting from home · U.S. median: 14% · ACS
County context — Oakland sits in Alameda County:
County
Poverty rate
Median HH income
Unemployment
Alameda County
8.8%
$128,031
4.5%
Top industries by private employment — NAICS supersectors rolled up from Oakland's linked county in the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW, 2024 annual averages). See methodology §11.
#
Industry (NAICS supersector)
Private employment
Avg weekly wage
#1
Health care and social assistance (62)
125,297
$1,476 / wk
#2
Manufacturing (31-33)
90,559
$2,274 / wk
#3
Professional and technical services (54)
74,460
$3,004 / wk
#4
Retail trade (44-45)
62,490
$1,096 / wk
#5
Accommodation and food services (72)
58,021
$688 / wk
What workers earn in the San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA metro — top occupations by employment plus six curated benchmarks (registered nurse, software developer, elementary teacher, general manager, retail salesperson, truck driver). Wages are metro-area medians from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (May 2025). See methodology §25.
Home Health and Personal Care Aides is the largest tracked occupation in the San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA metro (119,120 jobs, median $35,950/yr).
▸Show all 12 occupations
Occupation
Employment
Median annual
Median hourly
Home Health and Personal Care Aides
119,120
$35,950
$17.28
Fast Food and Counter Workers
49,970
$43,870
$21.09
Cashiers
38,250
$41,270
$19.84
Office Clerks, General
37,590
$52,000
$25.00
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand
30,710
$48,400
$23.27
Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel
29,980
$96,960
$46.61
Software Developers · benchmark
69,030
$186,640
$89.73
General and Operations Managers · benchmark
43,520
$149,990
$72.11
Registered Nurses · benchmark
41,750
$186,610
$89.71
Retail Salespersons · benchmark
39,460
$43,850
$21.08
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education · benchmark
17,860
$101,860
—
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers · benchmark
All items run 15.6% above the U.S. average (RPP 115.6); rents run 94.7% above (RPP 194.7) — the metro's housing premium is the main driver.
Cost of living (RPP, all items)RPP 115.6
US
Oakland's cost of living runs 15.6% above the U.S. average (RPP 115.6 vs 100).
Scale: 10th–90th percentile of metro/non-metro areas with a BEA price parity
BEA Regional Price Parity (all items)
RPP 115.6
+15.6% vs U.S. average · BEA 2024 · San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA metro
HUD Fair Market Rent, 2-BR
$2,912/mo
FY2026 · Oakland-Fremont, CA HUD Metro FMR Area
State income tax (top marginal rate)
12.30%
9 brackets · TY2025
Family-of-four monthly budget total
$14,929/mo
3BR rent + food + childcare + taxes + transport · federal sources
Single-adult monthly budget total
$6,018/mo
1BR rent + food + taxes + transport · federal sources
Local income tax
—
not applicable in California · no modeled local income tax
Household budget figures are arithmetic floors using current federal sources at the grains documented in methodology. Not a recommended salary, not a poverty threshold, not a composite score.
27.5% foreign-born (U.S. median 14%); Spanish is the most-spoken language at home other than English (22.6% of residents 5+).
A quick read on Oakland's residents — nativity and languages spoken at home shown above, from the ACS 5-Year 2020–2024. The full demographic breakdown (age, race and ethnicity, household types, and educational attainment, each with its margin of error) lives on the demographics page.
These are K-12 public school districts. Higher education (colleges and universities) is not represented in this dataset.
Public school districts serving Oakland, from the NCES EDGE Geographic Relationship Files (GRF25, 2024–25 school year boundaries). The join is many-to-many — large cities often span multiple districts, and one district often serves multiple cities. Sorted primary district first. See methodology §12 for the consolidated-city fallback and Milford CT special case.
Source: NCES EDGE GRF25 · school year 2024–25 · methodology →
What is the climate like in Oakland?
Hottest month: September (75°F avg high). Coldest: January (44°F avg low). Annual precipitation: 20.2 in.
30-year climate normals (1991-2020) for Oakland from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. See methodology §15 for the gridded vs. station source path.
Average monthly highs & lows · 30-year normal (NOAA 1991–2020). Every number on this chart is an average.
bar = avg daily high → avg daily lowprecip in inches below each barprecip in millimeters below each bar
Composite risk score: 99.8/100 — Very High nationally; top hazard: Earthquake (100.0).
Natural-hazard exposure for Oakland from the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency's National Risk Index (FEMA NRI December 2025 v1.20.0). NRI is an expected-annual-loss composite calibrated on 1996–2019 historical losses, published at the U.S. county grain. See methodology §17.
County
NRI composite
Rating
Top hazards
Alameda County
99.8
Very High
Earthquake 100.0 Very High · Landslide 99.8 Relatively High · Riverine Flooding 99.7 Very High
Source: FEMA National Risk Index · FEMA NRI December 2025 v1.20.0 · methodology →
How fast is home internet in Oakland?
20 non-satellite ISPs serve the area; 93% of locations have gigabit-capable service per ISP filings.
Fixed broadband availability for Oakland from the U.S. Federal Communications Commission's Broadband Data Collection (BDC), as of June 30, 2025. Every speed and provider count below is an ISP-reported advertised maximum — not measured throughput. Actual delivered speeds typically run 60–80% of advertised. See methodology §16.
Measure
Value
Note
Providers serving this city
20 + satellite
distinct ISPs, excluding satellite-only
Fiber providers
14
offer fiber-to-the-premises somewhere in the BDC
Units with ≥100/20 Mbps fixed
100.0%
share of broadband-serviceable units, ISP-reported max
Locations with ≥100 Mbps upload
92.8%
derived: max(fiber ≥100/20, gigabit). Fiber is symmetric; gigabit is ≥100 up by definition
Units with ≥1 Gbps fixed
92.8%
share of broadband-serviceable units, ISP-reported max
Total broadband-serviceable units
206,985
residential locations in the FCC Fabric (not households)
Source: FCC BDC · as of June 30, 2025 · methodology →
How much crime is reported in Oakland?
In 2024, law enforcement reported 8,376 violent and 31,455 property offenses in the Oakland jurisdiction — a violent-crime rate of 1,925.3 per 100,000, above the U.S. estimate of 359.1.
Reported offenses known to law enforcement from the FBI Uniform Crime Reporting Program (CIUS Table 8), 2024. Figures describe the FBI agency jurisdiction: Oakland — an FBI jurisdiction population of 435,042, versus the Census place population of 440,838. The rate per 100,000 is the FBI's own (count ÷ that jurisdiction population), never divided by the Census place figure. These are reported crimes under voluntary participation — not measured or victimization crime — and the FBI cautions against using them to rank or compare places. See methodology §31.
Offenses known, 2024
Count
Rate /100k
U.S. rate
Violent crime
8,376
1,925.3
359.1
Property crime
31,455
7,230.3
1,760.1
▸Offense breakdown and 3-year trend
Offense, 2024
Count
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
81
Rape
296
Robbery
2,960
Aggravated assault
5,039
Burglary
3,423
Larceny-theft
18,118
Motor vehicle theft
9,914
Arson (12-month reporters only)
114
Year
Violent /100k
Property /100k
Jurisdiction pop.
2022
1,521.1
6,474.9
428,374
2023
3,640.6
10,117.4
425,484
2024
1,925.3
7,230.3
435,042
Only years the agency reported a complete 12 months appear; the FBI does not estimate missing agency-years, so a gap is a non-reporting year, not zero crime.
U.S. rate is the FBI national estimate (imputes non-reporting agencies); the city figures are reported-only. Source: FBI UCR CIUS Table 8 (2022–2024) · FBI agency jurisdiction: Oakland · methodology → · FBI Crime Data Explorer →
In-state context.
Oakland sits at state rank #8 among 483 cities in California. Nearby in the state ranking:
Just above in the profiled set: Long Beach, CA · #44 · 450,469 residents.
Just below in the profiled set: Minneapolis, MN · #46 · 430,324 residents.
Quick travel facts for Oakland
Quick travel facts.
Nearest commercial airport
San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport(OAK) · 3 mi 5 km from city centroid
Best months to visit
Jun, Jul, Oct · months when the avg high sits in 65–80°F and precipitation is at or below the city's median monthly precip
Sources: elevation from USGS Elevation Point Query Service (3DEP) · nearest airport from OurAirports CSV (FAA-aligned, type=large/medium, scheduled_service=yes) · best months derived from NOAA 1991-2020 normals · methodology →
Frequently asked questions about Oakland.
How many people live in Oakland, CA?
Oakland has 440,838 residents as of July 1, 2025, making it the #45 largest city in the United States and #8 in California. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025.
Is Oakland growing or shrinking?
Oakland has shrunk 0.0% since the April 2020 census baseline, losing 4 residents. The most recent year ticked up slightly (+665 residents, +0.2% from 2024 to 2025). Source: Census PEP Vintage 2025.
Oakland covers 56.0 square miles of land, with a population density of about 7,877 residents per square mile. Source: Census Gazetteer 2025.
What is the median household income in Oakland?
$101,600, about 31% above the U.S. median. Source: ACS 5-year estimates, 2020–2024.
SourceU.S. Census · PEP
VintageV2025
Reference2025-07-01
Place typeIncorporated place
GEOID0653000
Last build2026-08-31
Sources · provenance
Every listed dataset is used on this page.
The GEOID for Oakland is 0653000. These are the official datasets used by this profile's main data modules; click "methodology" for inclusion rules and the V2019 ↔ V2025 seam, or "source" for the raw publisher page. The headline population value above includes a source-detail disclosure with publisher, dataset, vintage, native geography, transformation, and caveat.
