Sacramento, California had 536,449 residents as of July 1, 2025 (U.S. Census Bureau Vintage 2025), ranking #35 nationally and #6 in California. cost of living runs 6.7% above the U.S. average (BEA RPP 2024); a family of four needs roughly $147,790/yr to break even (2025 modeled). This profile draws on 13 federal datasets covering population, housing, income, employment, climate, and risk.
SourceU.S. Census · PEP
VintageV2025
Reference2025-07-01
Place typeIncorporated place
GEOID0664000
Last build2026-05-29
At a glance.
2025 population
536,449
Census Vintage 2025
Median HH income
$87,321
+12.4% vs US $77,719
Median home value
$506,300
+66.9% vs US $303,400
Avg July high
94°F
NOAA 1991–2020
Gigabit broadband
93%
ISP-reported, FCC BDC
Unemployment
4.8%
Sacramento · BLS LAUS
Key statistics.
2025 population
536,449
Census Vintage 2025, July 1, 2025
2020 base
524,907
April 1, 2020 census base
5-yr change
+11,542
2020 base → 2025; within V2025
5-yr change %
+2.2%
Within V2025 only
1-yr change
+1,615
2024 → 2025 estimate
1-yr change %
+0.3%
Within V2025 only
Density
5,438
people per sq mi, land only
Land area
98.7
sq mi (2025 Gazetteer)
U.S. rank by population
#35
of 19,483 cities
State rank by population
#6
of 483 in California
Population history.
Population grew 2.2% from the April 2020 base to mid-2025.
Vintage 2025 · annual estimates
Recent history (V2025 series, 2020 base → 2025).
2020 base: 524,907 → 2025: 536,449 (+2.2%)
Year
Population
Reference date
2020 base
524,907
April 1, 2020
2020
525,615
July 1, 2020
2021
525,571
July 1, 2021
2022
526,691
July 1, 2022
2023
530,494
July 1, 2023
2024
534,834
July 1, 2024
2025
536,449
July 1, 2025
Earlier history (2010–2019, prior Census vintage)
These figures come from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Vintage 2019 release — a separate, earlier methodology. They’re shown here as historical context only; the 2010 and 2019 values aren’t directly comparable to the 2020–2025 series above.
Population grew 10.1% from 2010 to 2019 (V2019 — see seam note below).
2010 base: 466,383 → 2019: 513,624 (+9.9%)
Year
Population
Reference date
2010 base
466,383
April 1, 2010
2010
467,286
July 1, 2010
2011
470,902
July 1, 2011
2012
474,226
July 1, 2012
2013
478,214
July 1, 2013
2014
482,762
July 1, 2014
2015
488,133
July 1, 2015
2016
494,127
July 1, 2016
2017
500,777
July 1, 2017
2018
507,737
July 1, 2018
2019
513,624
July 1, 2019
What's the median income in Sacramento?
Median household income is 12% above the U.S. median ($87,321 vs $77,719); 13.9% live in poverty — 1.4 points above the 12.5% U.S. rate.
Income and poverty estimates for Sacramento from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year estimates (window 2020–2024). Every figure is shown with its 90% margin of error (MOE). Cells where the ± margin exceeds half the estimate are flagged "low precision." See methodology §12.
Measure
Estimate
± margin / note
Median household income
87,321+12.4% vs US
±1,746
Per capita income
43,376+0.2% vs US
±789
Population in poverty
13.9%
share of population for whom poverty status is determined
Median home value is 67% above the U.S. median ($506,300 vs $303,400); median rent is 32% above ($1,779 vs $1,348); price-to-income ratio is 5.8×, making it 1.5× as cost-burdened as the typical U.S. city (3.9×).
Poverty (Census SAIPE 2024, model-based), unemployment (BLS LAUS 2024 annual averages), and remote-work share (ACS 2020–2024) for Sacramento. Numbers are labeled at their native grain — place-grain when BLS publishes it, otherwise per-county. We do not compute population-weighted county averages. See methodology §13.
Measure
Value
Grain
Unemployment rate (annual avg)
4.8%
Sacramento (BLS sub-state LAUS)
Civilian labor force
267,454
2024 annual avg
Worked from home
19.7%+40.8% vs US
share of workers 16+ commuting from home · U.S. median: 14% · ACS
County context — Sacramento sits in Sacramento County:
County
Poverty rate
Median HH income
Unemployment
Sacramento County
12.0%
$93,331
4.7%
Top industries by private employment — NAICS supersectors rolled up from Sacramento's linked county in the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW, 2024 annual averages). See methodology §11.
#
Industry (NAICS supersector)
Private employment
Avg weekly wage
#1
Health care and social assistance (62)
122,313
$1,352 / wk
#2
Retail trade (44-45)
60,902
$845 / wk
#3
Accommodation and food services (72)
56,033
$580 / wk
#4
Construction (23)
45,496
$1,668 / wk
#5
Professional and technical services (54)
41,507
$2,514 / wk
What workers earn in the Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA metro — top occupations by employment plus six curated benchmarks (registered nurse, software developer, elementary teacher, general manager, retail salesperson, truck driver). Wages are metro-area medians from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (May 2024). See methodology §25.
Occupation
Employment
Median annual
Median hourly
Home Health and Personal Care Aides
52,930
$33,280
$16.00
Fast Food and Counter Workers
25,790
$37,650
$18.10
Management Analysts
25,050
$82,180
$39.51
Office Clerks, General
22,020
$48,000
$23.08
Cashiers
20,500
$36,100
$17.36
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand
19,620
$44,420
$21.36
Stockers and Order Fillers
16,440
$39,170
$18.83
Registered Nurses · benchmark
23,400
$169,210
$81.35
Retail Salespersons · benchmark
22,240
$37,150
$17.86
General and Operations Managers · benchmark
16,930
$120,180
$57.78
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers · benchmark
11,690
$60,630
$29.15
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education · benchmark
All items run 6.7% above the U.S. average (RPP 106.7); utilities run 51.3% above (RPP 151.3) — the metro's utility cost premium is the main driver.
BEA Regional Price Parity (all items)
RPP 106.7
+6.7% vs U.S. average · BEA 2024 · Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA metro
HUD Fair Market Rent, 2-BR
$2,255/mo
FY2026 · Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA HUD Metro FMR Area
State income tax (top marginal rate)
12.30%
9 brackets · TY2025
Family-of-four monthly budget total
$12,316/mo
3BR rent + food + childcare + taxes + transport · federal sources
Single-adult monthly budget total
$6,193/mo
1BR rent + food + taxes + transport · federal sources
Local income tax
—
not applicable in California · no modeled local income tax
Household budget figures are arithmetic floors using current federal sources at the grains documented in methodology. Not a recommended salary, not a poverty threshold, not a composite score.
22.3% foreign-born (U.S. median 14%); Spanish is the most-spoken language at home other than English (16.5% of residents 5+).
Where Sacramento's residents come from and what they speak at home, from the ACS 5-Year 2020–2024. Foreign-born is the share of residents born outside the U.S. (any citizenship status); language-at-home is reported only for residents 5 and older.
Measure
Value
± margin / note
Foreign-born share
22.3%+59.6% vs US
share of residents born outside the U.S. · U.S. median: 14% · ACS B05002
Speak only English at home
63.6%
share of population 5+ · ACS C16001 line 2
Top non-English language at home
Spanish16.5%
most-spoken language other than English among residents 5+ · ACS C16001 collapsed buckets
These are K-12 public school districts. Higher education (colleges and universities) is not represented in this dataset.
7 districts serve Sacramento, from the NCES EDGE Geographic Relationship Files (GRF25, 2024–25 school year boundaries). The join is many-to-many — large cities often span multiple districts. Expand the list below to see every district sorted primary first. See methodology §12.
Source: NCES EDGE GRF25 · school year 2024–25 · methodology →
What's the climate like in Sacramento?
Hottest month: July (94°F avg high). Coldest: December (39°F avg low). Annual precipitation: 18.7 in.
30-year climate normals (1991-2020) for Sacramento from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. See methodology §15 for the gridded vs. station source path.
Average monthly highs & lows · 30-year normal (NOAA 1991–2020). Every number on this chart is an average.
bar = avg daily high → avg daily lowprecip in inches below each barprecip in millimeters below each bar
Composite risk score: 98.1/100 — Relatively High nationally; top hazard: Drought (99.4).
Natural-hazard exposure for Sacramento from the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency's National Risk Index (FEMA NRI March 2023). NRI is an expected-annual-loss composite calibrated on 1996–2019 historical losses, published at the U.S. county grain. See methodology §17.
County
NRI composite
Rating
Top hazards
Sacramento County
98.1
Relatively High
Drought · score 99.4 · Relatively High
Riverine Flooding · score 99.0 · Relatively High
Earthquake · score 98.9 · Relatively High
Source: FEMA National Risk Index · FEMA NRI March 2023 · methodology →
Internet & broadband.
21 non-satellite ISPs serve the area; 93% of locations have gigabit-capable service per ISP filings.
Fixed broadband availability for Sacramento from the U.S. Federal Communications Commission's Broadband Data Collection (BDC), as of June 30, 2025. Every speed and provider count below is an ISP-reported advertised maximum — not measured throughput. Actual delivered speeds typically run 60–80% of advertised. See methodology §16.
Measure
Value
Note
Providers serving this city
21 + satellite
distinct ISPs, excluding satellite-only
Fiber providers
15
offer fiber-to-the-premises somewhere in the BDC
Units with ≥100/20 Mbps fixed
100.0%
share of broadband-serviceable units, ISP-reported max
Locations with ≥100 Mbps upload
92.6%
derived: max(fiber ≥100/20, gigabit). Fiber is symmetric; gigabit is ≥100 up by definition
Units with ≥1 Gbps fixed
92.6%
share of broadband-serviceable units, ISP-reported max
Total broadband-serviceable units
226,679
residential locations in the FCC Fabric (not households)
Source: FCC BDC · as of June 30, 2025 · methodology →
In-state context.
Sacramento sits at state rank #6 among 483 cities in California. Nearby in the state ranking:
Sacramento is ranked #35 of 19,483 U.S. cities by 2025 population.
Just above in the profiled set: Tucson, AZ · #34 · 548,371 residents.
Just below in the profiled set: Atlanta, GA · #36 · 529,110 residents.
Quick travel facts for Sacramento
Quick travel facts.
Nearest commercial airport
Sacramento International Airport(SMF) ·
11 mi 18 km from city centroid
Best months to visit
Oct · months when the avg high sits in 65–80°F and precipitation is at or below the city's median monthly precip
Sources: elevation from USGS Elevation Point Query Service (3DEP) · nearest airport from OurAirports CSV (FAA-aligned, type=large/medium, scheduled_service=yes) · best months derived from NOAA 1991-2020 normals · methodology →
Sources · provenance
Every listed dataset is used on this page.
The GEOID for Sacramento is 0664000. These are the official datasets used by this profile's main data modules; click "methodology" for inclusion rules and the V2019 ↔ V2025 seam, or "source" for the raw publisher page.
